Bookbinding machine



J1me 1936- R. M. TAYLOR BOOKBINDING MACHINE Filed March 25, 1956 INVENTOR' ATTORNEY.

Patented June 30, 1936 PATENT 'OFFlCE 2,046,278 BOOKBINDING MACHINE Robert B. M. Taylor, Newark, N. J., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Parallex Corporation, Newark, ,N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Application March 25, 1936, Serial No. 70,743

16 Claims.

The invention relates to book binding machines, and more particularly to a machine adapted for use in the binding of books in which the collated sheets are bound by means of a coiled wire passing through registering openings in the various leaves.

Prior to my invention, there has been extensively used a binding for notebooks and similar articles consisting of a spirally wound wire threaded through a sequence of registering openings in the several leaves of the. book. This type of book has the objectionable feature that each leaf of the book, as it is turned, has a component of movement axially of the spiral binding wire, the amount of this movement varying with the pitch of the convolutionsof the wire. Sincethe series of openings through each leaf are closely adjacent the edge of the leaf, there is likelihood of tearing of the leaves during their turning movement.

Books bound by means of coiled wire ordinarilyrequire the turning of the leaves of no more than 180, but even with this quantity of arcuate or turning movement there is likelihood of tearing of the leaves. Furthermore, there is a varying degree of axial movement as the number of turned leaves increases.

I have, prior to my present invention, devised a wire bound book in which substantially 180 of each convolution of a coiled wire occupies a plane at right angles'to .the axis of the coil, and in which such portion of each convolution positioned beyond the edge of the book is connectedv with the adjacentconvolution by a section of wire extending obliquely to said axis.

The machine of the present application-is so constructed as to produce a binding of the type immediately above referred to, by distorting each convolution of a spirally wound binder/wire to give the desired obliquity to substantially 180 in arc of each convolution, and to bring the remaining of each convolution into a plane at right angles, or perpendiculanto the axis of the binder wire. v

In a machine embodying the invention, I provide a sequence of presser bars, so spaced in relation to each other and to a feed table as to permit the rapidfeeding of books-previously bound by means of a spiral binding wire, with each convolution of the wire engaging one of the presser bars, the construction being such that, irrespective of accuracy in the position of the books being fed, the binder wire will automatically find a proper position in relation to said presserbars.

The arrangement and number of presser bars may be such as to permit the machine to operate simultaneously upon a plurality of books, thus edge of the book to an extent to bring the re-- maining portion ofeach convolution throughout substantially 180 in arc into an approximately true circular form, positioned in a plane at right angles, or perpendicular, to the axis of the binder ,wire.

In order to secure the desired mode of operation of the machine, it is essential 'to provide means preventing movement of'the book or books being bound while the presser bars are being ac tuated to distort, deform or warp the convoluticns of the wire. In the machine of the invention, the books are held by a clamp bar which is automatically engaged with the books being bound following the initial application of power to the presser bars. Preferably, the clamp bar is engaged with the books by spring pressure, thus limiting the action of the bar to a light clamping action, merely sufiicient to hold the books against movement with the presser bars and without in any waydeforming the book adjacent the binder wire. It is preferable to control the clamp mechanism through the presser bar actuating mechanism so as to ensure accuracy in the timing-of the parts of the machine, and to so. construct this clamp mechanism that its operative efiect may be modified so as to adapt the machine to differentthicknesses of books.

In conjunction with the clamping mechanism and the presser bar mechanism, I provide a feed table having a gauge bar adjacent the presser bars and so spaced therefrom as to permit the descent of a portion of each convolution ot th'e binder wire below the plane'of the table, thus permitting the book or books to lie flat upon the table and the edge or the leaves to squarely abut the presser bars.

In addition to the foregoing characteristics, a-

machine embodying the invention may be so adjusted as to adapt it to use in binding books in which the binder wires have a different pitch angle and to permit the control of the extent While a machine embodying the invention may "be operated by hand, if desired, I preferably provide a manually controlled, intermittently op-' erative actuating mechanism for applying power to the machine.

The gauge plate of the machine is also preferably capable of adjustment toward and from the presser bars to accommodate the machine to use with binder wires, the -convolutions of which have different diameters. r

The invention consists primarily in a book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a plurality of spaced presser bars positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means. for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, and means resisting movement of the book with said presser bars; and in such other novel features of construction and combination of parts as are hereinafter set forth and described, and more particularly pointed out in the claims hereto appended.

Referring to the drawing,

Fig; 1 is a longitudinally condensed front elevation of a machine embodying the invention with parts broken away, and indicating in dotted lines different positions of the rack actuating mechanism;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion'of the machine at the left of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of a fragmentary portion of a book showing the position of the presser bars in relation to the convolutions of the binder wire, before the actuation of the machine; and

Fig. 5 is a similar view showing the relation of parts upon the completion of the actuation of the machine.

Like numerals refer to like the several views.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing, the main table of the machine is shown at in and the feed shelf carried thereby at At. one side of the feed shelf II is a rack which, in the form of the invention shown, comparts throughout prises a fixed lower bar l2 and an upper bar l3 supported from the lower bar by means of links M and I 5 pivotally connected with said bars so as to permit relative movement of the bars in the same vertical plane. Extending between the bars 12 and [3 are presser bars I6, these presser bars being spaced apart a distance sufficient to receive a portion of a binder wire therebetween.

Each presser bar preferebly consists of a straight portion projecting substantially perpendicularly to the plane of the feed shelf II and means pivotally connecting the opposite ends thereof with said rack bars l2 and I3 respec tively so as to permit relative movement of said rack bars and cause the tilting of said presser bars. As shown in the accompanying drawing, this pivotal connection between the presser bars and the rack bars is by means. of ends I! and l8 upon eachbar extending at right angles to the. portion of the bar extending between the rack of the invention shown by means of cap plates l9 and 2|! carried by the rack bars respectively and engaging the portion of the presser bars adjacent the ends thereof. These cap plates are connected with the rack bars by means of screws to permit the removal and the substitution of presser bars 5 in eifecting repairs to the machine, as well as to facilitate assembling the presser bars in the ma chine.

In the form of the invention shown, the lower rack bar I2 is secured to a back frame 2| by means of screw bolts 22 so as to hold the rack barl2 against movement while the rack bar i 3 is receiving a parallel movement by the actuating means therefor. 1

Mounted adjacent one end of the machine is a wheel 23 carrying a crank 24 adjustable radially of said wheel so as to permit the adjustment of the actuating mechanism for the presser bars IS in a manner to control the extent of the tilting of these bars with each actuation of the machine. Pivotally connected with the crank 24 and with the link I4 is a pitman 25, the radial distance of the pivotal conection between this pitman and said link being such as to impart a desired throw to the link 14 and a required parallel movement to the rack bar I 3. The point of application of power from the pitman 25 to the link I4 is immaterial to the invention and may be varied in different machines, particularly as the throw of the link l4 and the quantity of tilting movement of the various presser bars I6 may be controlled by adjustment of the crank 24 radiall of the wheel 23.

. In the accompanying drawing, the actuating mechanism for the presser bars, includingv the crank wheel 33, is power driven through the medium of a driving pulley 26 idly mounted upon the shaft of the wheel 23 and adapted to be connected therewith by means of an ordinary clutch mechanism 2'! which may be controlled through a link 28 connected with a control pedal (not shown). This clutch mechanism 21 corresponds with the clutch of an ordinary power'driven punch press, and a detailed description thereof is therefore unnecessary, beyond to state that the use of such' a clutch mechanism results in an intermittently operative machine, the actuation of which is manually controlled so as to afford time for the feeding of work to the machine.

The edge of the feed shelf H is spaced from the various presser bars l6 and said shelf has adjustably mounted thereon a gauge plate 29 movable toward and from the presser bars for collated leaves of a book to lie flat upon the feed shelf l I and the gauge plate 29, with the portions of the binder wire projecting from the bottom-most leaf and across the back of the collated leaves extending beyond the edge of the gauge plate. By having the collated leaves lie perfectly fiat upon the feed shelf, it is possible to bring the edge of the bookadjacent the binder wire in abutting relation to the presser bars, which is desirable as maintaining the proper position of the leaves and of the binder wire in relation to each other and to said presser bars.

' nally of the binder wire.

As will more fully appear hereinafter, in feed ing books to the presser bar mechanism, it is merely necessary to push'these books toward the presser bars, the rounded contour of which, by engagement with the rounded presser bars, will impart such movement to the book as may be found necessary to cause engagement of a presser bar with each convolution of the binder wire.

Upon the operation of the machine, however, the thrust of the presser bars against all of the convolutions of the binder wire of each book will tend to impart movement to the book longitudi- To prevent this shifting of the book, I provide a clamp bar 30 which. with each actuation of the machine, will be forced downwardly into a light pressure engaging relation with the book or books upon the feed shelf so as to develop a light clamping action adjacent the binder wire.

The clamp bar is supported from cranks 3| of a crank shaft 32 by means of arms 33 and 34 rigidly secured to said crank arms 3|. Acting upon the crank shaft 32 are torsion springs 35 and 36 for imparting movement to said shaft and to the crank arms 31 and limiting the amount of pressure applied through the clamp bar 30 to the book or books.

Carried by the shaft 32 is a crank arm 31 having adjustably mounted therein a bearing member 38 carrying a roller 39 bearing upon the rack bar 11. By this construction, the movements of the clamp bar 30 are accurately timed in relation to the presser bars It with a progressively increasing pressure as the presser bars i6 approach the limit of their movement or the greatest extent of their tilting action.

In the accompanying drawing, the collated leaves areshown at 40 and the convolutions of the binder wire at M.

The adjustment of the gauge plate is secured by means of a slot and set screw connection 42 between the feed shelf II and said gauge plate,

- or in any other desired manner.

The operation of the herein described machine is substantially as follows:-

In books bound by means of a spirally wound wire, the collated leaves have a spiral trend, or

a trend axially of the binder wire. This trend will be to the left of Fig.'4. In the operation of the machine of the invention, this trend is corrected, so that the various leaves of abook, when completely bound, will have the edges of all leaves trued up in relation to each other. 2

While a half hard wire may be used in binding the leaves of a book, which wire may be readily distorted, deformed or warped by the rapid application of pressure thereto from the presser bars it, there will always be a reflex of the material of the wire so as to necessitate an overthrow of the presser bars to ensure a proper form of each convolution of the binder wire, notwithstanding the reflex action above referred to.

In the operation of the machine, a book bound with an ordinary spirally'wound wire is placed upon the feed shelf H and advanced by hand across the gauge plate 29 until the edge of the leaves engage the binder wire above the presser bars IS. The gauge plate 29, before beginning a run of the machine, is so set as to permit a portion of each convolution of the binder wire to pass the edge, and drop below the plane of, the gauge plate, so as to permit the leaves to lie perfectly flat upon the feed shelf, and the gauge plate when the edge of the leaves is in abutting relation to the presser bars. No particular care need be taken in feeding the books, since the engagement of the binder wire with the rounded contour of the presser bars will automatically shift the book so as to accurately position each convolution of the binder wire between two adjacent presser bars. 5 The pitch of the wire will assist in thus positioning the book.

When one or more books have been positioned with the binder wire thereof in the operative relation to presser bars It, the clutch mechanism 21 is actuated to apply power from the pulley 26 to the crank wheel 23, thus actuating the crank 24 and, through the pitman 25, oscillating the link l4 and causing a similar oscillation of the link l5 through the upper rack bar l3. Since the lower rack bar I2 is stationary, this will cause a parallel movement of the rack bar l3, causing a tilting of the various presser bars. During this tilting movement, the rack bar l3 descends and the ends of the various presser bars have pivotal movement 2 in relation thereto and to the rack bar I2. I With the turning of the crank wheel 23, the crank of which, when the machine is'at rest, is at a horizontal center of said machine, the quantity of movement of the link I4 during the early 25 menti followed by a lowering of the speed thereof until the machine comes to rest upon the completion of the cycle. The speed of the crank wheel may be as high as 300 RP. M., and the slowin down of themovement of the presser bars, while occupying but a short interval of time, nevertheless affords a sufiiclent dwell at the end of the movement of the presser bars to tend to give a set to the deformed, distorted or warped wire and limit the reflex action thereof to a certain extent. There will, however,. be some refiexing of the material of the binder wire; and for this reason the crank 23 should be so set as to initially distort the wire beyond what is actually required in a completed book binding. 7

Rapid movement of the presser barsis desirable, since it overcomes the static inertia of the material of the binding wire or more readily overcomes the resistance to the movement of the presser bar. Ordinarily, the binder wire will have from five to eight convolutions to the inch, and the aggregate resistance of such wire, when'used in a book the bound edge of which is only four to six inches, would be considerable. By suddenly applying the distorting pressure to each convolution, the resistance seems to be substantially reduced.

During the early stages of the movement of the presser bars, the spiral trend of the various leaves of the book is first corrected. This is followed by the imparting of a slight reverse spiral trend to the leaves., With the return movement of the presser bars permitting a reflexure of the material or the binder wire, the reverse spiral trend is *corrected, leaving all of the leaves in accurate bar l2 ensures the above mode of operation, since.

the action of each presser bar is toward the top diameter of .each convolution, and the lower portionof each convolution projecting beyond the edge of the back of the leaves is distorted as a result of the movement of the upper portion of the convolution by the presser bar.

With the descent of the upper rack bar l3, the roller 39 and its adjustable stem 38 follows the rack bar, the springs 35 maintaining the engagement between said roller and said bar. The rockingof the shaft 32 as a result of the descent of the roller 39 and the action of the springs 35 and 36 lowers the clamp bar 30 until the rack bar l3 passes out of engagement with the roller 39 so that the pressure exerted bythe rack bar on all books being boundis limited by the tension of the springs 35 and 36. The clamp bar'30 engages the books before any substantial pressure has been applied to. the various convolutions of the binder wire by the presser bars. The pressure exerted by the clamp bar 30 is sufficiently light to permit the shifting of the leaves of the book as the spiral trend of the binder wire is destroyed, and yet is sufliciently great to prevent any substantial movement of the book in its entirety dur-. ing the later stages of the distortion of the binder wire. The clamp bar 30 will be engaged with the books, not only during the distorting movement of the presser bars 16, but during a part of the return'of these bars to their normal position during the second 180 of movement of the crank 24.

Toward the completion of each cycle, the engagement "of the rack bar l3 with the roller 39 tension preparatory to the next actuation of the machine.

I have described the use of a binder wire having five to eight convolutions to the inch. If this number be increased, it is obvious that the throw of the link I! and of the various presser bars must be correspondingly lessened, and that if there are less than this number of convolutions to the inch, the throw of ,said parts must be increased. The crank 24 may be adjusted toward or from the axis of the wheel 23 so as to reduce or. increase the throw of said parts, as required by variance in the pitch or in the number of convolutions of the binder wire to the inch.

In binding books of different thicknesses, the bearing member 38 for the roller 39 may be adjusted in relation to the crank arm 3'! carrying same, to properly position said clamp bar to accommodate the desired thickness of the book, without varying the pressure exerted by the clamp bar.

' wire be greater than that for which the machine is set, the gauge plate 29 may be adjusted away from the presser bars, while if the diameter of said convolutions be smaller, said gauge plate may beadjusted toward said presser bars. Hence,

crank pin- 23, the machine may be adjusted to accommodate it to binder wires, the convolutions of which wary in pitch, or in which the number of convolutions per inch varies.

Whatever the setting of the machine in the respects noted above, the mode of operation, so far as the deforming, distorting or warping of the convolutions of the binder wire is concerned, is the same. i

Notwithstanding that the machine is a high speed machine, the capacity of 'a machine may be increased by simultaneously feeding a number of books to the presser bars to be acted upon during each cycle of the machine. Natwithstanding the high speed at which the machine operates, there will be a gradual variation in the stresses applied to the various convolutions of the binder wire by the presser bars, due to the movement of the crank 24 from a horizontal center.

As heretofore stated, the initial movement of the bars is slow, followed by a rapid movement,

'which in turn is followed by a gradually slower to limit its reflex action. In fact, the return movement of the presser bars will tend-to impart a limited return movement to the convolutions so that as a result of the operation of the machine, substantially 180 of each convolution will 'occupy a plane at right angles to the axis of the 'binder wire, as shown in Fig. of the drawing,

and the pitch of the remaining 180 in arc of each convolution of the binder wire will have a higher degree of obliquity than in the original wire.

During the operation of the machine, the engagement of each convolution withithe leaves of a book limits the action of the presser bars'in a manner to secure the desired form-in the completed binder wire, the clamp bar being employed to aid in securing this effect by preventin movement of the book as a whole.

In the operation of a machine embodying the invention, it. will be observed that notwithstanding the action of the clamp bar, the different leaves of a book may have a limited sliding movement in relation to each other, but there is no movement of the book as a whole.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the details of construction and arrangement of parts shown in the accompanying drawing, it

' being obvious that such may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, is:-

l. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a plurality of spaced presser bars positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, and means resisting movement at the book with said presser bars.

2. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a fixed rack bar adjacent the feed shelf, a movable rack bar positioned above and spaced from said fixed rack bar, and a 'plurality of spaced presser bars extending beconvolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, and means resisting movement of the book with said presser bars.

3. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a fixed rack bar adjacent the feed shelf, a movable rack bar positioned above and spaced from said fixed rack bar, and a plurality of spaced presser bars extending between and pivotally connected with said rack bars, said presser bars being positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, links pivotally connected with the opposite ends of said rack bars respectively, a crank wheel having a crank, a pitman connecting said crank with one of said links whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, and means resisting movement of the book with said presser bars.

4. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a fixed rack bar adjacent the feed shelf, a movable rack bar positioned above and spaced from said fixed rack bar, and a plurality of spaced presser bars extending between and pivotally connected with said rack bars, said presser bars being positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, links pivotally connected with the opposite ends of said rack bars respectively, a crank wheel having a crank, a pitman connecting said crank with one of said links whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon 1 said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, means whereby said crank may be adjusted radially of its wheel to vary the throw of said presser bars, and means Eesisting movement of the book with said presser 5e A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a fixed rack bar adjacent the feed shelf, a movable rack bar positioned above and spaced from said fixed rack bar, each of said rack bars having a sequence of spaced bearing'sockets therein, a plurality of presser bars having ends turned at substantially right angles to the portion of the presser bars between said rack bars, said turned ends entering the bearing sockets in said rack bars, and cap plates carried by said rack bars holding said presser bars in engagement therewith, said presser bars being positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rackf whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, and means resisting movement of the book with said presser bars.-

6. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a fixed rack bar adjacent the feed shelf, a movable rack bar positioned 5 above and spaced from said fixed rack bar, each of said rack bars having a sequence of spaced bearing sockets therein, a plurality of presser bars having ends turned at substantially right angles to the portion of the presser bars between said rack bars, said'turned ends entering the bearing sockets in said rack bars, and cap plates carried by said rack bars holding said presser bars in engagement therewith, said presser bars being positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, links pivotally connected with the opposite ends of said rack bars respectively, a crank wheel having a crank, a pitman connecting said crank with one of said links whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions 'of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, and means 25 resisting movement of the book with said presser bars.

7. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a plurality of spaced presser bars positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon 35 said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, a clamp bar positioned above said feed shelf, and means for engaging said clamp bar with a book upon said shelf substantially simultaneously with the movement of said presser bars.

8. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a plurality of spaced presser bars positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved I in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting be" yond the edge of the book, a clamp bar positioned above said feed shelf, a spring operative upon said clamp bar for developing a yielding pressure upon books upon the feed shelf, and means controlled by said rack whereby said clamp bar is actuated by said springs simultaneously with the movement of the presser bars.

9, A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a plurality of spaced presser bars positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon 6 said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, a. crank shaft having a plurality of cranks, an arm rigidly secured to a crank upon said shaft, aclamp bar carried by said 70 arm and positioned above said feed shelf, a torbar is actuated by said springs simultaneously with the movement of the presser bars.

10. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a plurality of spaced presser bars positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, a crank shaft having a plurality of cranks, an arm rigidly secured to a crank upon said shaft, a clamp bar carried by said arm and positioned above said feed shelf, a torsion spring acting upon said shaft, a bearing member adjustably connected with another crank upon said shaft, and a roller carried by said bearing member and engaging said rack, whereby said, clamp bar is actuated by said springs Zimultaneously with the movement of the presser ars.

11. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a plurality of spaced presser bars positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while enga ng the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, a. gauge plate carried by said feed shelf and spaced from said presser bars, and means resisting movement of the book with said presser bars;

12. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a plurality of spaced presser bars positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of abinding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, a gauge plate carried by said feed shelf and spaced from said presser bars, means whereby said gauge plate may be adjusted toward and from said presser bars, and means resisting movement of the book with said presser bars.

13. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a fixed rack bar adjacent the feed shelf, a movable rack bar positioned above and spaced from said fixed rack bar, and a plurality of spaced presser bars extending between and pivotally connected with said rack bars, said presser bars being positioned in ,a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, actuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a bookupon said feed shelf, to

increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, a clamp bar positioned above said feed shelf, and means for engaging said clamp bar and a plurality of spaced presser bars extendi between and pivotally connected with said rack bars, said presser bars being positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, ac-

tuating means for said rack whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution plate carried by said feed shelf and spaced from said presser bars, and means resisting movement.

off'the book with said presser bars.

15. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a fixed rack bar adprojecting beyond the edge of the book, a gauge jacent the feed shelf, a movable rack bar posi j tioned above and spaced fromsaid fixed rack ,a book upon said feed shelf, to increase" the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, means whereby said crank may be adjusted radially of its wheel to vary the throw of said presser bars, a gauge plate carried by said feed shelf and spaced from said presser bars, means whereby said gauge plate may be adjusted toward and. from said presser bars, and means resisting movement of the book with said presser bars.

16. A book binding machine embodying therein a feed shelf, a rack having a fixed rack bar ad: Jacent the feed shelf, a movable rack bar posi tioned above and spaced from said fixed rack bar, and a plurality of spaced presser bars extending between and pivotally connected with said rack bars, said presser bars being positioned in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said feed shelf, links pivotally connected with the op. posite ends of said rack bars respectively, a crank wheel having a crank, a pitman connecting said crank with one of said links whereby said presser bars are moved in relation to said feed shelf while engaging the convolutions of a binding wire of a book upon said feed shelf, to increase the obliquity of the portion of each such convolution projecting beyond the edge of the book, a manually operative clutch mechanism whereby said source of power may be connected with said crank wheel, and means resisting movement of the book with said presser bars. I RQBERT B. M. TAYLOR 

